Breast · Organ at risk

Ipsilateral Lung

Educational Summary

Dose constraints

Whole Breast

ScheduleConstraintSource
40.05 Gy / 15 fx
or 42.56 Gy / 16 fx
V16 Gy <15%RTOG 1005
V4 Gy <50%RTOG 1005
26 Gy / 5 fx
FAST-Forward
V8 Gy <15%FAST-Forward

Tangents: central lung distance <3 cm, ideally ≤2 cm.

Quoted from eviQ 3650, checked 2026-09-23. Full table with references →

Partial Breast

ScheduleConstraintSource
All schedules
40.05 Gy/15 fx · 30 Gy/5 fx · 26 Gy/5 fx
V30% ≤10% (ideal), ≤15% (acceptable)ASTRO PBI 2023

Quoted from eviQ 3658, checked 2026-09-23. Full table with references →

Post-Mastectomy Chest Wall

ScheduleConstraintSource
50 Gy / 25 fxV20 Gy ≤15% (ideal), ≤20% (acceptable)RTOG 1005
V5 Gy ≤50% (ideal)RTOG 1005
26 Gy / 5 fx
FAST-Forward
V8 Gy <15%FAST-Forward

25 fx limits are from a whole-breast tangent trial. With nodes, V20 Gy <30% applies — see the regional nodal page.

Quoted from RTOG 1005 and eviQ 1925, checked 2026-09-23. Full table with references →

Regional Nodal Irradiation

ScheduleConstraintSource
45–50 Gy / 25 fx
1.8–2 Gy per fraction
V20 Gy <30%Yim 2015
V5 Gy <70%NSABP B-51
40 Gy / 15 fxV17 Gy <35% (combined plans)SKAGEN Trial 1

15 fx: dose from the breast or chest wall and nodal plans combined.

Quoted from eviQ 1924, checked 2026-09-23. Full table with references →

Anatomy

The lung on the same side as the treated breast or chest wall. Its anterior surface sits directly under the chest wall, so a thin strip of lung is inside almost every tangential field.

Why it matters

Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis are the concern, and the lung behaves as a parallel organ — so breast lung limits are written as Vx metrics: how much of the lung receives a given dose. The limits loosen when nodes are treated because the supraclavicular and internal mammary fields add lung volume, and they differ with fractionation, so each schedule has its own values.

For tangents, there is also a geometric check: the central lung distance — how deep the field edge reaches into lung on the central axis — rather than a dose metric.

How to contour

Contour the whole ipsilateral lung (auto-thresholding does most of it); breast lung limits apply to the single lung, not both lungs combined. The Kong thoracic atlas covers lung contouring.

Further reading

  • RTOG 1005 — RTOG 1005 protocol — A Phase III Trial of Accelerated Whole Breast Irradiation with Hypofractionation Plus Concurrent Boost Versus Standard Whole Breast Irradiation Plus Sequential Boost for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Source
  • FAST-Forward — Hypofractionated breast radiotherapy for 1 week versus 3 weeks (FAST-Forward): 5-year efficacy and late normal tissue effects results from a multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial Source
  • NSABP B-51 — NSABP B-51 / RTOG 1304 protocol — A Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating Post-Mastectomy Chestwall and Regional Nodal XRT and Post-Lumpectomy Regional Nodal XRT in Patients with Positive Axillary Nodes Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Who Convert to Pathologically Negative Axillary Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Source
  • QUANTEC lung — Radiation dose–volume effects in the lung (QUANTEC) Source

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