GI · Organ at risk

External Genitalia & Perineum

Educational Summary

Dose constraints

Anal Canal

ScheduleConstraintSource
50.4–54 Gy / 28–30 fx
Dose-painted IMRT
V20 Gy <50%, V30 Gy <35%, V40 Gy <5%RTOG 0529, NRG anal RT template

Quoted from eviQ 1860, checked 2026-09-29. Full table with references →

Anatomy

The external genitalia and the skin and soft tissue of the perineum between the thighs, just in front of and around the anus.

Function in the body

The external genitalia are the outer sex organs.

Why it matters

In anal cancer, the target reaches the anal verge and the inguinal nodes are treated, so the genitalia and perineal skin sit close to high dose. Moist desquamation of the perineum and groin is one of the most painful acute effects and a common reason for treatment breaks, which protocols try hard to avoid. For low rectal tumors the same area can matter.

How to contour

The NRG anal cancer template requires a "Genitals" structure — male or female external genitalia — and notes that consistent repositioning of male genitalia at simulation and treatment matters. It gives no further boundaries. Detailed boundaries from an open published source: verified source required; contour as your protocol describes.

Clinical resourceSource Verified
NRG Oncology Protocol Development Template for Radiation Therapy — Gastrointestinal Cancer: Anal Cancer
Yock A, Parker W, et al. · NRG Oncology Medical Physics Subcommittee / Radiation Oncology Committee · 2025

The template NRG Oncology gives investigators for writing the radiation therapy section of an anal cancer trial. Its example text and values are based on RTOG 0529 and the ECOG-ACRIN DECREASE trial (EA2182), and are meant to be edited for each protocol. It covers immobilization (a supine "frog-leg" position is recommended), CT or PET/CT simulation, rigid registration of MRI and PET to the planning CT, standard structure names, dose compliance tables and planning priorities.

Further reading

  • RTOG 0529 — RTOG 0529: a phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for the reduction of acute morbidity in carcinoma of the anal canal Source
  • NRG anal RT template — NRG Oncology Protocol Development Template for Radiation Therapy — Gastrointestinal Cancer: Anal Cancer Source

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